Gum (Periodontal) Disease: Symptoms, Treatment
Gum Disease or Periodontal is a pathological inflammatory condition of the gum and bone support (periodontal tissues) surrounding the teeth. Gum Disease is a serious gum infection that damages gums and can destroy the jawbone. Periodontitis is common but fairly preventable. The cause is usually poor oral hygiene. Periodontitis can lead to tooth loss. It’s a risk factor for heart and lung diseases.
Gum Disease Symptoms
Mouth: Swelling or Bleeding, Bad Breath, Toothache, Bright Red Gums, Loose Teeth, Receding Gums, Tender Gums.
The two most common Gum Diseases are:
- Gingivitis – inflammation of the gum at the necks of the teeth, and
- Periodontitis – infection affecting the bone and muscles of the teeth.
Gingivitis – Most children have signs of some inflammation of the gingival tissue at the necks of the teeth; among adults, the initial stage of gum disease is prevalent. This condition is termed gingivitis and is characterized by redness of the gum margins, swelling and bleeding on brushing.
Periodontitis – When the periodontal disease affects the bone and supporting tissue, it is termed periodontitis and is characterized by the formation of pockets or spaces between the tooth and gums. This may improve and cause chronic periodontal damage leading to loosening or loss of teeth.
Though the majority of adults are affected by gingivitis, gingivitis, fortunately, does not always develop into periodontal disease. Progression of gum disease is influenced by a number of factors which include oral hygiene and genetic predisposition. One of the challenges for early detection of periodontal disease is its “silent” nature – the disease does not cause pain and can progress unnoticed. In its early stages, bleeding gums during toothbrushing may be the only sign; as the disease advances and the gums deteriorate, the bleeding may stop and there may be no more clear sign to the teeth start to feel loose. In most cases, the periodontal disease responds to treatment and although the destruction is largely irreversible its progression can be halted.
Self-care for Gum Disease
Tooth polishing – Using a gritty paste and rotating brush to remove stains on the surface of the teeth.
Oral hygiene – Keeping the mouth clean by regularly brushing teeth, flossing and using mouthwash.
Medications
Topical antiseptic – Destroys or prevents the growth of microorganisms on the skin that may cause infection.
Penicillin antibiotic – Stops the growth of or kills specific bacteria.
Antibiotics – Stops the growth of or kills bacteria.